SQL AND, OR and NOT

 

The SQL AND, OR and NOT Operators

The WHERE clause can be combined with AND, OR, and NOT operators.

The AND and OR operators are used to filter records based on more than one condition:

• The AND operator displays a record if all the conditions separated by AND are TRUE.

• The OR operator displays a record if any of the conditions separated by OR is TRUE.

The NOT operator displays a record if the condition(s) is NOT TRUE.

AND Syntax

SELECT column1, column2, ...

FROM table_name

WHERE condition1 AND condition2 AND condition3 ...;

OR Syntax

SELECT column1, column2, ...

FROM table_name

WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR condition3 ...;

NOT Syntax

SELECT column1, column2, ...

FROM table_name

WHERE NOT condition;

AND Example

The following SQL statement selects all fields from "Customers" where country is "Germany" AND city is "Berlin":

SELECT * FROM Customers

WHERE Country='Germany' AND City='Berlin';

 

OR Example

The following SQL statement selects all fields from "Customers" where city is "Berlin" OR "München":

SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE City='Berlin' OR City='München';

 

The following SQL statement selects all fields from "Customers" where country is "Germany" OR "Spain":

SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country='Germany' OR Country='Spain';

 

NOT Example

The following SQL statement selects all fields from "Customers" where country is NOT "Germany":

SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE NOT Country='Germany';

Combining AND, OR and NOT

You can also combine the AND, OR and NOT operators.

The following SQL statement selects all fields from "Customers" where country is "Germany" AND city must be "Berlin" OR "München" (use parenthesis to form complex expressions):

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country='Germany' AND (City='Berlin' OR City='München');

The following SQL statement selects all fields from "Customers" where country is NOT "Germany" and NOT "USA": 

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE NOT Country='Germany' AND NOT Country='USA';